Feelings and relationships — his-tuyg'ular va munosabatlar lug'ati (B1, maxsus dars)

B1 — O'RTA · Maxsus dars (oraliq) · lug'at (hissiyot va munosabat)

1. Bu dars nima va nega muhim

Bu — lug'at va ifoda darsi: his-tuyg'ularni (xursand, asabiy, hayajonli, qo'rqqan…) va munosabatlarni (do'stlashmoq, sevib qolmoq, ajrashmoq…) aniq ifodalashni o'rganasiz. B1 darajada "I'm happy/sad" yetarli emas — nozik farqlarni (happy → delighted → thrilled) bilishingiz kerak.

I'm delighted to hear that! (Buni eshitganimdan juda xursandman!) She was annoyed with me. (U mendan g'ashlandi.) They get on really well. (Ular juda yaxshi chiqishadi.) He's a bit down today. (U bugun biroz tushkun.)

Real hayotda nega hal qiluvchi:

• His ifodalash (kundalik): o'z holatingizni aniq aytish — "I'm thrilled/exhausted/frustrated."
• Munosabatlar: odamlar haqida gapirish — "We get on", "They broke up."
• Empatiya: boshqalarning hissini tushunish va javob berish.

Asosiy tushuncha — his = "kuch darajasi" + aniqlik: ingliz tilida hissiyotning ko'p darajasi bor: happy < pleased < delighted < thrilled < over the moon. B1 da bu nozik farqlarni bilish — nutqni boy va aniq qiladi. Va -ed/-ing farqi (B1-31, A2-25): bored (men zerikdim) ≠ boring (zerikarli narsa).

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• A2-25 (-ed/-ing sifatlar): bored/boring. Bugun — his sifatlarida.
• A2-31 (xarakter tasviri): kind, shy. Bugun — his + munosabat.
• B1-32 (phrasal verbs): get on, break up — munosabat phrasal verblari.
• B1-33 (sifat + predlog): afraid of, angry with — his + predlog.
• Tez mashq: kuchaytiring: happy → ? (delighted), tired → ? (exhausted), angry → ? (furious).

3. Lug'at va ifoda — to'liq

3.1. Ijobiy his-tuyg'ular (kuch bo'yicha)

XURSAND:  happy → pleased → glad → delighted → thrilled → over the moon (juda xursand)
HAYAJON:  excited → thrilled → can't wait (intiqlik)
TINCH:  calm, relaxed, content, at ease, comfortable
MINNATDOR:  grateful, thankful, touched (ta'sirlangan)
FAXR:  proud (of)

I'm delighted with the results.       — Natijalardan juda mamnunman.
I'm so excited about the trip!         — Sayohatdan juda hayajondaman!
I'm really grateful for your help.     — Yordamingiz uchun juda minnatdorman.
I'm pleased to meet you.               — Siz bilan tanishganimdan xursandman.
I'm on top of the world today!         — Bugun dunyoning eng baxtli odamiman!

Nozik farq (ijobiy his): pleased — mamnun (xushmuomala, biroz rasmiyroq); glad — xursand (yengil, kundalik); delighted — juda xursand (kuchli, rasmiy xatda tabiiy: "I'd be delighted to..."); thrilled — hayajondan yayragan. Kuchayish tartibi: happy → pleased/glad → delighted → thrilled → over the moon. Rasmiy vaziyatda delighted, do'stona vaziyatda thrilled/over the moon tabiiyroq eshitiladi.

3.2. Salbiy his-tuyg'ular (kuch bo'yicha)

G'AMGIN:  sad → unhappy → upset → miserable → depressed → down (tushkun)
JAHL:  annoyed → irritated → angry → furious → cross (BrE — jahli chiqqan)
QO'RQUV:  nervous → anxious → worried → scared → terrified (dahshatga tushgan)
CHARCHOQ:  tired → exhausted → worn out → shattered (BrE)
UMIDSIZ:  disappointed, frustrated (g'azablangan-umidsiz), fed up (to'ygan)
UYAT/AYB:  embarrassed (uyalgan), ashamed (uyatli), guilty (aybdor)
HASAD:  jealous, envious

I'm a bit down today.                  — Bugun biroz tushkunman.
She was furious about the delay.        — U kechikishdan jahli chiqdi.
I'm frustrated with this software.      — Bu dasturdan g'azabdaman.
I'm fed up with waiting.                — Kutishdan to'ydim.
I was really upset about the news.      — Xabardan chindan ham xafa bo'ldim.
He looked miserable all day.            — U kun bo'yi tumshaygan ko'rindi.

B1-31 bog'lanish — kuchaytiruvchi + sifat: oddiy (gradable) sifatga very, kuchli (extreme) sifatga absolutely / really qo'shiladi. Kuchli sifat o'zi "juda"ni bildiradi, shuning uchun very qo'yilmaydi: I'm very tired. (oddiy) → I'm absolutely exhausted. (kuchli). Xuddi shunday: very angry → absolutely furious, very sad → absolutely miserable, very scared → absolutely terrified, very happy → absolutely delighted. very exhausted, very furious — bu xato.

3.3. -ed vs -ing (his vs sabab) — juda muhim!

-ed = MEN qanday his qilaman:  I'm bored. I'm interested. I'm excited.
-ing = NARSA qanday:  It's boring. It's interesting. It's exciting.

I'm bored. (men zerikdim)  ≠  The film is boring. (film zerikarli)
I'm confused. (men chalkashdim)  ≠  The instructions are confusing.
I'm tired. (men charchadim)  ≠  The work is tiring.

Eng ko'p xato: "I'm boring" = "men zerikarli odamman" ( — agar zerikkaningizni aytmoqchi bo'lsangiz!) → "I'm bored" (zerikdim). -ed = his (men); -ing = sabab (narsa).

Mini-mashq (-ed/-ing): to'g'ri shaklni tanlang. 1) The lesson was ___ (bored / boring). 2) I'm ___ (annoyed / annoying) with him. 3) The trip was ___ (excited / exciting). 4) She's ___ (interested / interesting) in art. 5) I was ___ (surprised / surprising). Javoblar: 1) boring 2) annoyed 3) exciting 4) interested 5) surprised. Sinash yo'li: his egasi ODAM bo'lsa → -ed; his sababchisi NARSA/hodisa bo'lsa → -ing.

3.4. Hisni ifodalash tuzilmalari

I feel + sifat:  I feel nervous.
I'm + sifat (+ about/with):  I'm worried about it. I'm angry with him.
It makes me + sifat:  It makes me happy/sad/angry. (B1-27)
I'm in a good/bad mood.  — Kayfiyatim yaxshi/yomon.
I'm not myself today.  — Bugun o'zimda emasman.
I'm stressed (out) about work.  — Ishdan stressga botganman.

I'm worried about the exam.        — Imtihondan xavotirdaman.
I'm excited about the weekend.      — Dam olish kunidan hayajondaman.
I'm nervous about the interview.    — Suhbatdan asabiyman.
I'm upset about what he said.       — U aytgan gapdan xafaman.

Sabab — "nima haqida" vs "kimga nisbatan": hodisa/narsa sabab bo'lsa, his + about: worried about, excited about, nervous about, upset about, stressed about. Aniq odamga qaratilgan his bo'lsa, ko'pincha + with: angry with, annoyed with, disappointed with, cross with. stressed out — "stressga botgan" (kundalik so'zlashuvda juda keng ishlatiladi); in a good/bad mood — "kayfiyati yaxshi/yomon".

3.5. Munosabatlar (relationships)

TANISHUV → DO'STLIK:  meet → get to know → become friends → get on (with) (chiqishmoq)
  close friend (yaqin do'st), best friend, acquaintance (tanish), colleague (hamkasb), mate (BrE — o'rtoq)
ISHQ:  fancy sb (yoqtirib qolmoq), ask sb out (uchrashuvga taklif), go out with (uchrashmoq),
  fall in love (with), be in a relationship, partner (juft)
NIKOH:  get engaged (unashtirilmoq), get married (to), husband/wife, couple
JANJAL/AJRALISH:  have a row/argument (janjallashmoq), fall out (with) (urishib qolmoq),
  break up (with) (ajrashmoq), split up, get divorced, make up (yarashmoq)

I get on really well with my colleagues.    — Hamkasblarim bilan juda yaxshi chiqishaman.
They've been going out for a year.           — Ular bir yildan beri uchrashyapti.
They got married last summer.                 — O'tgan yozi turmush qurishdi.
We had a row, but we made up.                 — Janjallashdik, lekin yarashdik.
They broke up last month.                      — O'tgan oy ajrashishdi.

Munosabat kollokatsiyalari (birga qotib qolgan iboralar):

make friends (do'st orttirmoq)         keep/stay in touch (aloqada bo'lib turmoq)
lose touch (aloqani yo'qotmoq)          have a lot in common (ko'p umumiyligi bor)
get to know sb (kimnidir tanib olmoq)   grow apart (bir-biridan uzoqlashmoq)

We made friends at university.               — Universitetda do'stlashib ketdik.
Let's keep in touch!                          — Aloqada bo'lib turaylik!
We lost touch after school.                   — Maktabdan keyin aloqani yo'qotdik.
We have a lot in common.                       — Bizda ko'p umumiylik bor.
It takes time to get to know someone.          — Odamni tanib olish vaqt talab qiladi.

Kollokatsiya diqqati: make friends — "do'st orttirmoq" (aynan make, do emas!); keep/stay in touch — "aloqada bo'lib turmoq"; lose touch — "aloqani uzmoq"; have a lot in common — "ko'p umumiyligi bor". Bu iboralarda fe'lni boshqasiga almashtirib bo'lmaydi — so'zlar birga yodlanadi.

Mini-mashq (munosabat): to'ldiring. 1) We ___ friends when we were kids. 2) Let's ___ in touch after the course. 3) They had a row and ___ out, but ___ up the next day. 4) I ___ on really well ___ my sister. Javoblar: 1) made 2) keep/stay 3) fell / made 4) get / with.

3.6. His idiomlari (chunks)

over the moon — juda xursand     |  down in the dumps — tushkun
on top of the world — eng baxtli  |  butterflies in my stomach — hayajondan
freaking out — vahimaga tushish   |  mixed feelings — qarama-qarshi his
get on someone's nerves — asabiga tegmoq  |  see eye to eye — kelishmoq
feel blue — g'amgin bo'lmoq       |  hit it off — birinchi ko'rishdayoq chiqishib ketmoq
a shoulder to cry on — dardlashadigan yaqin  |  have a soft spot for — mehri tushmoq

Idiom eslatmasi: idiomlar so'zma-so'z tarjima qilinmaydi. feel blue — "tushkun/g'amgin bo'lmoq" (blue = xafa rangi); hit it off (with sb) — tanishishi bilanoq chiqishib ketmoq; butterflies in my stomach — hayajondan qorinda "kapalak uchgandek" his (imtihon/uchrashuvdan oldin).

4. Misollar (his/munosabat bo'yicha)

ijobiy: I'm over the moon about the news! / I feel grateful every day.
salbiy: I'm absolutely furious. / He's been a bit down lately.
-ed/-ing: I'm fascinated. / It's fascinating. / I'm exhausted. / It's exhausting.
munosabat: We've grown apart. / They've fallen out. / I really fancy her.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

delighted /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ "dilaytid"   furious /ˈfjʊəriəs/ "fyuəriəs"
embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ "imberəst"   anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/ "enkshəs"
exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ "igzo:stid" (gz!)   jealous /ˈdʒeləs/ "jeləs"

Native siri: his sifatlari urg'u + ohang bilan kuchayadi: "I'm THRILLED!" (kuchli ijobiy). exhausted — "igzo:stid" (x = /gz/). anxious — "enkshəs". Ohang hisni ko'rsatadi.

Topshiriq (shadowing): "I'm delighted! I'm exhausted. I get on with them. They broke up." jumlalarini ovoz chiqarib ayting; hisni ohangda ko'rsating. Har bir his sifatini urg'u va his ohangi bilan takrorlang.

6. So'z boyligi (Anki)

Tayyor iboralar (chunks):

• I'm over the moon! — "Juda xursandman!"
• I'm a bit down. — "Biroz tushkunman."
• We get on really well. — "Juda yaxshi chiqishamiz."
• It's getting on my nerves. — "Asabimga tegyapti."
• I'm fed up with it. — "To'ydim bundan."
• Cheer up! — "Xafa bo'lma!"

7. To'liq o'qish matni va dialog (input)

Dialog — kayfiyat (feelings):

A: You look a bit down. Is everything OK? — Biroz tushkun ko'rinasan. Hammasi joyidami?
B: Honestly, I'm exhausted and a bit stressed. — Rostini aytsam, holdan toydim va biroz stressdaman.
A: I'm sorry to hear that. What's going on? — Eshitganimdan afsusdaman. Nima bo'lyapti?
B: Work has been crazy, and I had a row with my brother. — Ish jinnilik, va akam bilan janjallashdim.
A: Oh no. Are you two OK now? — Voy. Hozir ikkovingiz yaxshimisiz?
B: We made up, thankfully. But I'm still a bit upset about it. — Yarashdik, xayriyat. Lekin hali biroz xafaman.
A: That's understandable. You should take some time to relax. — Tushunarli. Dam olishga biroz vaqt ajratishing kerak.
B: You're right. Talking to you already makes me feel better. — Haqsan. Sen bilan gaplashish allaqachon o'zimni yaxshiroq his qildiryapti.
A: Anytime. Cheer up — things will get better. — Doim. Xafa bo'lma — hammasi yaxshi bo'ladi.

O'qish matni — "On feelings" (his haqida):

We often hide how we really feel, especially when we're struggling. — Biz ko'pincha haqiqatan qanday his qilayotganimizni yashiramiz, ayniqsa qiynalganda.
Saying "I'm fine" is easier than saying "I'm anxious" or "I feel lonely." — "Yaxshiman" deyish "xavotirdaman" yoki "yolg'izman" deyishdan osonroq.
But naming a feeling is the first step to understanding it. — Lekin hisni nomlash uni tushunishning birinchi qadami.
When I feel frustrated, I try to ask myself why. — Men g'azablanganimda, o'zimdan nega ekanini so'rashga harakat qilaman.
Sometimes I'm just tired; sometimes I'm disappointed in myself. — Ba'zan shunchaki charchaganman; ba'zan o'zimdan hafsalam pir bo'lgan.
The people we get on with best are often the ones we can be honest with. — Eng yaxshi chiqishadigan odamlarimiz — ko'pincha biz halol bo'la oladiganlarimiz.
So don't be afraid to say how you feel. It brings people closer. — Shuning uchun qanday his qilishingizni aytishdan qo'rqmang. Bu odamlarni yaqinlashtiradi.

Topshiriq: matnda his sifatlarini (anxious, frustrated, disappointed…) va munosabat iboralarini (get on with) belgilang. -ed/-ing farqini tekshiring. So'ng bugungi kayfiyatingiz va bir munosabatingiz haqida 6 gap yozing.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• -ing his uchun (men ma'noda): I'm boring. I'm interesting. I'm exciting. (zerikdim ma'noda). I'm bored. I'm interested. I'm excited. (-ed = men; -ing = narsa). Eng ko'p xato!

• feel + ravish: I feel badly. I feel happily. I feel bad / happy. (feel + sifat, ravish emas).

• angry on / married with: angry on him / married with her. angry with him / married to her. (B1-33 — to'g'ri predlog).

• get on without with: I get on my colleagues. I get on with my colleagues. (get on with).

• I have nervous (have o'rniga be): I have nervous. I am nervous. (his → be + sifat).

• yosh uchun have: I have 20 years. He has 25 years. (o'zbekcha "20 yoshdaman"ni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri tarjima qilish). I am 20 (years old). He is 25. (yosh → be, have emas).

• feel noto'g'ri o'tgan zamon: I feeled sad. I feelt. I felt sad. (feel → felt — noqoidali fe'l; "feeled" degan so'z yo'q).

• very + kuchli sifat: very exhausted, very furious, very terrified. absolutely exhausted / absolutely furious / absolutely terrified. (kuchli sifat bilan very emas, absolutely/really).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. -ed yoki -ing?

1. The film was ___ (bored / boring).
2. I'm ___ (bored / boring).
3. The news is ___ (excited / exciting).
4. I'm ___ (interested / interesting) in this.

Mashq 2. Kuchaytiring (sinonim):

1. very happy → ___ (delighted/thrilled)
2. very tired → ___ (exhausted)
3. very angry → ___ (furious)
4. very scared → ___ (terrified)

Mashq 3. Munosabat phrasal verb:

1. They argued and ___ (urishib qolishdi). (fell out)
2. After a week, they ___ (yarashdi). (made up)
3. I ___ well ___ my boss. (chiqishaman) (get on with)

Mashq 4. Xatoni to'g'rilang: I'm boring. (zerikdim), I feel badly., angry on him, I get on my friends, I have nervous.

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Buni eshitganimdan juda xursandman. = ___
2. Bugun biroz tushkunman. = ___
3. Ular juda yaxshi chiqishadi. = ___
4. Kutishdan to'ydim. = ___
5. Film zerikarli edi. = ___

Mashq 6. To'g'ri kuchaytiruvchini tanlang (very yoki absolutely):

1. I'm ___ tired.       (oddiy sifat)
2. I'm ___ exhausted.   (kuchli sifat)
3. She was ___ furious.
4. He's ___ happy.

Mashq 7. Kollokatsiya — bo'sh joyni to'ldiring:

1. We ___ friends at work. (do'stlashdik)
2. Let's ___ in touch! (aloqada bo'lib turaylik)
3. We ___ touch after graduation. (aloqani yo'qotdik)
4. We ___ a lot ___ common. (ko'p umumiyligimiz bor)

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — hisingizni ayting:

"How do you feel about exams?" → "I feel ___ (nervous/anxious)."
"How was your day?" → "I'm a bit ___ (tired/stressed)."

Drill B — -ed/-ing:

"This book → ___ (interesting). I → ___ (interested)."

Drill C — munosabat haqida:

"I get on well with ___ ." "My best friend is ___ ." "I fell out with ___ once."

Model javoblar (Drill A): I feel nervous about exams. I'm a bit stressed today. So'ng o'z hissiyotingiz va munosabatingiz haqida 6 gap (turli his + munosabat) tuzib ayting va yozib qo'ying, keyin yuqoridagi model javoblar bilan solishtiring.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. boring · 2. bored · 3. exciting · 4. interested. Mashq 2: 1. delighted/thrilled · 2. exhausted · 3. furious · 4. terrified. Mashq 3: 1. fell out · 2. made up · 3. get on ... with. Mashq 4: I'm bored. / I feel bad. / angry with him / I get on with my friends / I'm nervous. Mashq 5: 1. I'm delighted to hear that. · 2. I'm a bit down today. · 3. They get on really well. · 4. I'm fed up with waiting. · 5. The film was boring. Mashq 6: 1. very · 2. absolutely · 3. absolutely · 4. very (kuchli sifat → absolutely; oddiy sifat → very). Mashq 7: 1. made · 2. keep/stay · 3. lost · 4. have ... in.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

IJOBIY: happy → delighted → thrilled → over the moon | excited | grateful | proud
SALBIY: sad → upset → down → depressed | annoyed → furious | nervous → terrified |
  tired → exhausted | frustrated | embarrassed | jealous | fed up
-ed (MEN his): I'm bored/interested/excited | -ing (NARSA sabab): It's boring/interesting
MUNOSABAT: get on (with), fall in love (with), get married (to), have a row,
  fall out (with), break up (with), make up
⚠️ I'm bored (NOT "I'm boring"); feel + sifat; get on WITH; angry WITH

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. His — kuch darajasi (happy → delighted → thrilled).
2. -ed (men his) vs -ing (narsa sabab) — eng ko'p xato!
3. get on with, break up with, make up — munosabat.
4. feel + sifat (ravish emas).
5. To'g'ri predlog (angry with, married to).

Bog'lanish: his va munosabat lug'ati — boy, ifodali nutqning asosi. Funksional bloklar tugadi. Keyingi MAXSUS darslar — yozish (email/esse) va texnik ingliz. So'ng B1 checkpoint.

Keyingi dars — B1 — MAXSUS dars: Email yozish (rasmiy/norasmiy). "Email qanday yoziladi — boshlanma, asosiy qism, yakun; rasmiy (Dear Sir) vs norasmiy (Hi Tom)" — yozma muloqotning asosi.

Manba

Cambridge English (B1 — vocabulary: feelings, relationships); Oxford 3000/5000 (feelings); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (-ed/-ing adjectives); British Council LearnEnglish — "Feelings", "Relationships vocabulary".