26.8-dars: Telegram bot

Foydalanuvchi → xabar (Telegram) → bot (Python)
   → javob → foydalanuvchi
Bot: 24/7 avtomatik xizmat

1. Telegram'da @BotFather'ga yoz
2. /newbot — yangi bot yarat
3. Nom va username ber
4. Token oli: "123456:ABC-DEF..."
# token — bot kaliti (maxfiy — 25.10 kabi)

# python-telegram-bot misol:
async def handle(update, context):
    matn = update.message.text          # foydalanuvchi xabari
    await update.message.reply_text(f"Siz: {matn}")   # javob
# update: yangi xabar (foydalanuvchi yozdi)

# /start — botni boshlash
async def start(update, context):
    await update.message.reply_text("Salom! Botga xush kelibsiz")
# /help, /narx, /buyurtma — bot amallari
# buyruq: / bilan boshlanadi

keyboard = {
    "inline_keyboard": [[
        {"text": "Ha", "callback_data": "yes"},
        {"text": "Yo'q", "callback_data": "no"},
    ]]
}
# tugma bosilganda callback (yes/no) keladi

# holat: foydalanuvchi qaysi bosqichda
# masalan buyurtma: mahsulot → miqdor → manzil
context.user_data["bosqich"] = "mahsulot"
# keyingi xabar — mahsulot javobi

# python-telegram-bot (v20+):
from telegram.ext import Application, CommandHandler, MessageHandler, filters

async def start(update, context):
    await update.message.reply_text("Salom!")

async def echo(update, context):
    await update.message.reply_text(f"Siz: {update.message.text}")

app = Application.builder().token("TOKEN").build()
app.add_handler(CommandHandler("start", start))
app.add_handler(MessageHandler(filters.TEXT, echo))
app.run_polling()

# tugmalar (inline):
from telegram import InlineKeyboardButton, InlineKeyboardMarkup
keyboard = InlineKeyboardMarkup([[
    InlineKeyboardButton("Ha", callback_data="yes"),
    InlineKeyboardButton("Yo'q", callback_data="no"),
]])

# holat: context.user_data["bosqich"] = "..."
# token: BotFather → maxfiy (os.environ)

Bot: avtomatik javob (Telegram) · token (BotFather — maxfiy) · update (xabar)
Buyruqlar (/start) · tugmalar (inline keyboard) · holat (suhbat)
Polling (oddiy) / webhook (server) · API integratsiya (26.7)

"""mock bot: buyruqlar (/start, /narx), javob berish — bot mantigi."""


class MockBot:
    def __init__(self, token: str) -> None:
        self.token = token
        self.handlers: dict = {}

    def command(self, cmd: str):
        def deco(fn):
            self.handlers[cmd] = fn
            return fn
        return deco

    def handle(self, xabar: dict) -> str:
        matn = xabar.get("text", "")
        if matn.startswith("/"):
            cmd = matn.split()[0][1:]
            h = self.handlers.get(cmd)
            if h:
                return h(xabar)
        return self.handlers.get("_default", lambda x: "?")(xabar)


def main() -> None:
    bot = MockBot("123:ABC")

    @bot.command("start")
    def start(x: dict) -> str:
        return f"Salom, {x['user']}! Botga xush kelibsiz."

    @bot.command("narx")
    def narx(x: dict) -> str:
        qismlar = x["text"].split()
        mahsulot = qismlar[1] if len(qismlar) > 1 else "?"
        return f"{mahsulot} narxi: 100"

    bot.handlers["_default"] = lambda x: "Noma'lum buyruq. /start bosing."

    print("=== 1. /start buyrug'i ===")
    print(f"  {bot.handle({'text': '/start', 'user': 'Ali'})}")

    print("\n=== 2. /narx buyrug'i (argument bilan) ===")
    print(f"  {bot.handle({'text': '/narx Python', 'user': 'Ali'})}")

    print("\n=== 3. Noma'lum xabar (default) ===")
    print(f"  {bot.handle({'text': 'salom', 'user': 'Ali'})}")

    print("\n=== 4. Ro'yxatlangan buyruqlar ===")
    buyruqlar = sorted(k for k in bot.handlers if not k.startswith("_"))
    print(f"  {buyruqlar}")
    print("  ⭐ bot — buyruqlar (/start) va javob (handler)")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

=== 1. /start buyrug'i ===
  Salom, Ali! Botga xush kelibsiz.

=== 2. /narx buyrug'i (argument bilan) ===
  Python narxi: 100

=== 3. Noma'lum xabar (default) ===
  Noma'lum buyruq. /start bosing.

=== 4. Ro'yxatlangan buyruqlar ===
  ['narx', 'start']
  ⭐ bot — buyruqlar (/start) va javob (handler)

"""inline keyboard: bosiladigan tugmalar (callback_data); tugma bosish mantigi."""


def make_keyboard(tugmalar: list) -> dict:
    """Inline keyboard tuzilmasi."""
    return {
        "inline_keyboard": [
            [{"text": matn, "callback_data": data} for matn, data in tugmalar]
        ]
    }


def handle_callback(callback_data: str) -> str:
    javoblar = {
        "yes": "Tasdiqlandi!",
        "no": "Bekor qilindi.",
        "kurs": "Kurslar ro'yxati...",
    }
    return javoblar.get(callback_data, "Noma'lum tanlov")


def main() -> None:
    print("=== 1. Ha/Yo'q tugmalari ===")
    kb = make_keyboard([("Ha", "yes"), ("Yo'q", "no")])
    print(f"  tugmalar soni: {len(kb['inline_keyboard'][0])}")
    print(f"  matnlar: {[b['text'] for b in kb['inline_keyboard'][0]]}")

    print("\n=== 2. Tugma bosish (callback) ===")
    print(f"  'Ha' bosildi → {handle_callback('yes')}")
    print(f"  'Yo'q' bosildi → {handle_callback('no')}")

    print("\n=== 3. Menyu tugmalari ===")
    menyu = make_keyboard([("Kurslar", "kurs"), ("Narxlar", "narx")])
    print(f"  menyu: {[b['text'] for b in menyu['inline_keyboard'][0]]}")

    print("\n=== 4. Nega tugmalar ===")
    print("  yozish o'rniga bosish (qulay)")
    print("  callback_data — bot qaysi tugma bosildi biladi")
    print("  ⭐ inline keyboard — bosiladigan tanlov (qulay)")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

=== 1. Ha/Yo'q tugmalari ===
  tugmalar soni: 2
  matnlar: ['Ha', "Yo'q"]

=== 2. Tugma bosish (callback) ===
  'Ha' bosildi → Tasdiqlandi!
  'Yo'q' bosildi → Bekor qilindi.

=== 3. Menyu tugmalari ===
  menyu: ['Kurslar', 'Narxlar']

=== 4. Nega tugmalar ===
  yozish o'rniga bosish (qulay)
  callback_data — bot qaysi tugma bosildi biladi
  ⭐ inline keyboard — bosiladigan tanlov (qulay)

"""holat: ko'p bosqichli suhbat (buyurtma: mahsulot → miqdor → tasdiq)."""


class BuyurtmaBot:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.holat: dict = {}       # foydalanuvchi → bosqich
        self.buyurtma: dict = {}    # foydalanuvchi → ma'lumot

    def handle(self, user: str, xabar: str) -> str:
        bosqich = self.holat.get(user, "boshlangich")

        if xabar == "/buyurtma":
            self.holat[user] = "mahsulot"
            self.buyurtma[user] = {}
            return "Qaysi mahsulot?"

        if bosqich == "mahsulot":
            self.buyurtma[user]["mahsulot"] = xabar
            self.holat[user] = "miqdor"
            return f"{xabar} tanlandi. Necha dona?"

        if bosqich == "miqdor":
            self.buyurtma[user]["miqdor"] = xabar
            self.holat[user] = "tasdiq"
            b = self.buyurtma[user]
            return f"Buyurtma: {b['mahsulot']} x {b['miqdor']}. Tasdiqlaysizmi? (ha/yo'q)"

        return "/buyurtma bosing"


def main() -> None:
    bot = BuyurtmaBot()

    print("=== 1. Buyurtma boshlash ===")
    print(f"  {bot.handle('Ali', '/buyurtma')}")

    print("\n=== 2. Mahsulot tanlash ===")
    print(f"  {bot.handle('Ali', 'Python kursi')}")

    print("\n=== 3. Miqdor ===")
    print(f"  {bot.handle('Ali', '2')}")

    print("\n=== 4. Holat kuzatiladi ===")
    print(f"  Ali holati: {bot.holat['Ali']}")
    print(f"  Ali buyurtmasi: {bot.buyurtma['Ali']}")
    print("  ⭐ holat — ko'p bosqichli suhbat (kontekst)")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

=== 1. Buyurtma boshlash ===
  Qaysi mahsulot?

=== 2. Mahsulot tanlash ===
  Python kursi tanlandi. Necha dona?

=== 3. Miqdor ===
  Buyurtma: Python kursi x 2. Tasdiqlaysizmi? (ha/yo'q)

=== 4. Holat kuzatiladi ===
  Ali holati: tasdiq
  Ali buyurtmasi: {'mahsulot': 'Python kursi', 'miqdor': '2'}
  ⭐ holat — ko'p bosqichli suhbat (kontekst)

"""to'liq bot (mock): buyruq → API/baza so'rov → javob — bot integratsiyasi."""


class MockDatabase:
    """Soxta baza (23-qism)."""

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.kurslar = {"Python": 100, "Go": 120, "Rust": 150}

    def get_narx(self, nom: str) -> int:
        return self.kurslar.get(nom, -1)

    def barcha(self) -> list:
        return list(self.kurslar.keys())


class ShopBot:
    def __init__(self, db: MockDatabase) -> None:
        self.db = db

    def handle(self, xabar: str) -> str:
        if xabar == "/start":
            return "Do'kon boti! /kurslar yoki /narx <nom>"
        if xabar == "/kurslar":
            return f"Kurslar: {', '.join(self.db.barcha())}"
        if xabar.startswith("/narx"):
            qismlar = xabar.split()
            if len(qismlar) < 2:
                return "Nom kiriting: /narx Python"
            narx = self.db.get_narx(qismlar[1])
            return f"{qismlar[1]}: {narx}" if narx > 0 else "Topilmadi"
        return "Noma'lum buyruq"


def main() -> None:
    bot = ShopBot(MockDatabase())

    print("=== 1. /start ===")
    print(f"  {bot.handle('/start')}")

    print("\n=== 2. /kurslar (bazadan) ===")
    print(f"  {bot.handle('/kurslar')}")

    print("\n=== 3. /narx (bazadan) ===")
    print(f"  {bot.handle('/narx Python')}")
    print(f"  {bot.handle('/narx Java')}")

    print("\n=== 4. Bot + baza integratsiya ===")
    print("  buyruq → baza so'rov → javob")
    print("  bot boshqa xizmat bilan (API, baza — 23-qism)")
    print("  ⭐ bot — foydalanuvchi + baza/API (integratsiya)")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

=== 1. /start ===
  Do'kon boti! /kurslar yoki /narx <nom>

=== 2. /kurslar (bazadan) ===
  Kurslar: Python, Go, Rust

=== 3. /narx (bazadan) ===
  Python: 100
  Topilmadi

=== 4. Bot + baza integratsiya ===
  buyruq → baza so'rov → javob
  bot boshqa xizmat bilan (API, baza — 23-qism)
  ⭐ bot — foydalanuvchi + baza/API (integratsiya)

token = "123:ABC..."                       # ⚠️ (git)
token = os.environ["BOT_TOKEN"]            # ✅

# faqat maxsus buyruq                       # ⚠️ (yangi user?)
CommandHandler("start", start)              # ✅ tanishtirish

narx = db.get(nom)   # topilmasa crash      # ⚠️
if narx: ... else: "topilmadi"              # ✅

# har xabar mustaqil                        # ⚠️ (ko'p bosqich yo'q)
context.user_data["bosqich"] = ...          # ✅

# tez ko'p xabar (Telegram cheklov)         # ⚠️
# sekin, guruhlab 26.6-bob                     # ✅

# handler'da sekin ish (bot bloklanadi)     # ⚠️
# fon vazifa (async, navbat)                 # ✅

narx = int(xabar)   # matn bo'lsa crash     # ⚠️
try: int(xabar) except: "raqam kiriting"    # ✅

1.  # Telegram bot nima?
2.  # token nima?
3.  # BotFather nima?
4.  # update nima?
5.  # reply_text nima?
6.  # buyruq nima?
7.  # /start nima?
8.  # inline keyboard nima?
9.  # callback_data nima?
10. # holat nima?
11. # polling vs webhook?
12. # token qayerda?

1.  token = "123:ABC"                    # os.environ

2.  # faqat maxsus buyruq                # /start

3.  narx = db.get(nom)  # topilmasa      # tekshir

4.  # har xabar mustaqil                 # holat

5.  narx = int(xabar)  # matn            # try/except