Like, love, hate + -ing: "I like reading" qoidasi va misollar (A1, 15c-dars)

A1 — BOSHLANG'ICH · 15c-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu darsda nimani yoqtirishingiz, nimani yaxshi ko'rishingiz va nimani yomon ko'rishingizni aytishni o'rganasiz: I like reading. I love music. I hate waiting. I enjoy cooking. I don't mind working late.

Bu — A1 darajasidagi eng ko'p ishlatiladigan tuzilmalardan biri. Unda ikki qism bor: fe'l (like, love, hate, enjoy, don't mind) va undan keyin keladigan ot (I like tea) yoki -ing shaklidagi fe'l (I like reading).

Real hayotda nega kerak: tanishuvda birinchi savollardan biri — "What do you like doing in your free time?" (Bo'sh vaqtingizda nima qilishni yoqtirasiz?). Intervyuda: "I enjoy solving problems. I like working in a team." Suhbatda: "Do you like travelling?" Qiziqishlaringiz haqida gapira olmasangiz, suhbat tez to'xtaydi.

O'xshatish: -ing — fe'lga kiyilgan "ot kostyumi". read (o'qimoq) — harakat; reading (o'qish) — endi u narsa kabi, uni "yoqtirish" mumkin. O'zbekchada ham xuddi shunday: "o'qishni yoqtiraman" — fe'lga -ish qo'shib otga aylantiramiz. Inglizcha -ing = o'zbekcha -ish.

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• 15b-dars: takror ravishlari — I usually get up at seven. She never drinks coffee. (ravish oddiy fe'ldan oldin).
• 15-dars: do/does bilan savol va inkor — Do you work? He doesn't smoke.
• 14-dars: 3-shaxs birlikda -s — He like*s, she loves.*
• Tez mashq: She ___ (like) tea. ___ you like coffee? He ___ (not / like) milk. — javob: likes, Do, doesn't like.

3. Asosiy tushuntirish

3.1. like + ot (I like tea)

Eng sodda holat: like dan keyin ot keladi.

I like tea.          — Men choyni yoqtiraman.
She loves music.     — U musiqani juda yaxshi ko'radi.
We like dogs.        — Biz itlarni yoqtiramiz.
He hates rain.       — U yomg'irni yomon ko'radi.

Diqqat — umumiy gapda ko'plik: biror turdagi narsani umuman yoqtirsangiz, sanaladigan ot ko'plikda keladi: I like dogs (itlarni yoqtiraman), I like dog (). Sanalmaydigan otlar esa o'zgarmaydi: I like music, I like coffee (9-dars: ko'plik). O'zbekchada "itni yoqtiraman" deymiz, shuning uchun birlik tanlab yuboriladi — bu xato.

3.2. like + -ing (I like reading)

Agar yoqtirgan narsangiz harakat bo'lsa, fe'lga -ing qo'shasiz:

like / love / hate / enjoy / don't mind  +  fe'l-ing
  I like reading.          — Men o'qishni yoqtiraman.
  She loves cooking.       — U ovqat pishirishni juda yaxshi ko'radi.
  They hate waiting.       — Ular kutishni yomon ko'radi.
  He enjoys playing chess. — U shaxmat o'ynashni yoqtiradi (zavq oladi).
  I don't mind working late. — Kechgacha ishlashga qarshi emasman.

Oltin qoida: ikkinchi fe'l sof holda qolmaydi. I like read (), I like reading (). O'zbekchada ham "o'qi yoqtiraman" demaymiz — "o'qishni yoqtiraman" deymiz. Xuddi shu mantiq: -ish ↔ -ing.

3-shaxs birlikni unutmang: -s birinchi fe'lga (like) qo'shiladi, -ing ikkinchisiga: He like*s swimming.* Ikkalasi ham kerak.

3.3. Darajalar shkalasi — qanchalik yoqadi?

😍  love           — juda yaxshi ko'raman   (I love travelling.)
🙂  really like    — rosa yoqtiraman         (I really like cooking.)
🙂  like / enjoy   — yoqtiraman              (I like reading. I enjoy reading.)
😐  don't mind     — qarshi emasman, mayli   (I don't mind cleaning.)
🙁  don't like     — yoqtirmayman            (I don't like running.)
😡  hate           — yomon ko'raman          (I hate getting up early.)

• enjoy — "zavq olmoq", like ga yaqin, lekin biroz "ichdan rohatlanish" ma'nosi bor: I enjoy my job. I enjoy walking in the park.
• don't mind — "qarshi emasman, menga farqi yo'q". Bu ijobiyroq-neytral ifoda, garchi ichida don't bo'lsa ham: I don't mind waiting = "Kutsam ham mayli".
• hate — kuchli so'z. Kundalik nutqda tez-tez ishlatiladi (I hate Mondays!), lekin odam haqida (I hate him) juda og'ir eshitiladi.

Native siri: really ni like dan oldin qo'ying: I really like it (). I very like it () — very fe'l bilan ishlamaydi (19-dars). Kuchaytirmoqchi bo'lsangiz: I like it very much yoki I really like it.

3.4. enjoy va don't mind — faqat -ing

like, love, hate dan keyin ba'zan to + fe'l ham keladi (I like to read) — bu ham to'g'ri, ayniqsa amerikacha nutqda. Lekin enjoy va don't mind faqat -ing bilan ishlaydi:

I enjoy swimming.      ✓        I enjoy to swim.       ✗
I don't mind waiting.  ✓        I don't mind to wait.  ✗
I like reading.        ✓        I like to read.        ✓ (ikkalasi ham to'g'ri)

A1 uchun oddiy yo'l: bu beshta fe'ldan keyin doim -ing ishlating — hech qachon xato bo'lmaysiz. to bilan farqlar B1 da (gerunds & infinitives) chuqur o'rganiladi.

Yana bir tuzoq — enjoy "bo'sh" turmaydi. enjoy dan keyin albatta nimadir kelishi kerak: I enjoy it. I enjoy the film. I enjoy dancing. Faqat I enjoy. () deb bo'lmaydi.

3.5. -ing imlo qoidalari (spelling)

Ko'pchilik fe'lga shunchaki -ing qo'shiladi, lekin uchta maxsus qoida bor:

1) Oddiy holat: + ing
   read → reading     play → playing     cook → cooking     watch → watching

2) Oxiri jim -e bo'lsa: -e TUSHADI, + ing
   make → making      write → writing    dance → dancing    ride → riding
   (istisno: see → seeing, be → being — bu yerda e o'qiladi)

3) Qisqa fe'l: undosh + unli + undosh (bitta urg'uli bo'g'in) → oxirgi undosh IKKILANADI
   swim → swimming    run → running      sit → sitting      get → getting
   shop → shopping    stop → stopping    put → putting

4) -ie bilan tugasa: ie → y + ing
   lie → lying        die → dying        tie → tying

Diqqat — ikkilanmaydiganlar: oxiri w, x, y bo'lsa, ikkilanmaydi: play → playing, fix → fixing, snow → snowing. Ikki unli bo'lsa ham ikkilanmaydi: read → reading, cook → cooking (ea, oo — ikki unli). Ikki bo'g'inli fe'llarda urg'u birinchi bo'g'inda bo'lsa, ikkilanmaydi: visit → visiting, listen → listening; ikkinchi bo'g'inda bo'lsa, ikkilanadi: begin → beginning. (Britaniyada travel → travelling, Amerikada traveling.)

Mini-mashq 3.5-bob: -ing shaklini yozing: write, sit, play, come, swim, study.

Javob: writing, sitting, playing, coming, swimming, studying.

3.6. Inkor va savol — do/does bilan (15-dars)

like, love, hate, enjoy — oddiy fe'llar, shuning uchun inkor va savol do/does bilan yasaladi:

INKOR:  I don't like getting up early.      — Erta turishni yoqtirmayman.
        She doesn't enjoy cooking.          — U ovqat pishirishdan zavq olmaydi.
SAVOL:  Do you like dancing?                — Raqsga tushishni yoqtirasizmi?
        Does he like football?              — U futbolni yoqtiradimi?

Qisqa javoblar:

Do you like cooking?  → Yes, I do. / Yes, I love it. / No, I don't. / No, not really.
Does she like tea?    → Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

Diqqat: Yes, I like. () — like yolg'iz turmaydi, unga to'ldiruvchi kerak. To'g'risi: Yes, I do. yoki Yes, I like it. No, not really — "unchalik emas", juda tabiiy va muloyim inkor javob.

3.7. "What do you like doing?" — so'roq so'z bilan

What do you like doing (in your free time)?   — Bo'sh vaqtda nima qilishni yoqtirasiz?
  → I like reading and playing football.
What does your sister like doing?             — Singlingiz nima qilishni yoqtiradi?
  → She loves drawing.
What kind of music do you like?               — Qanday musiqa yoqadi?
  → I like pop and rock.
What do you hate doing?                       — Nima qilishni yomon ko'rasiz?
  → I hate washing the dishes.

Diqqat: savolda doing (qilish) bor — javobda ham -ing kutiladi: What do you like doing? — I like swimming (I like swim ). So'roq so'zlar keyingi darsda (16-dars) to'liq ochiladi.

3.8. like ≠ would like (kichik ogohlantirish)

I like coffee.          — Kofeni yoqtiraman. (umuman, doim)
I'd like a coffee.      — Bitta kofe istardim. (hozir, xushmuomala so'rov)

Bu ikkisi boshqa-boshqa tuzilma. would like ("xohlardim") — A2 da alohida darsda o'rganiladi (A2, 18-dars: want to / would like). Hozircha: kafeda buyurtma berganda I like a coffee () demang — I'd like a coffee, please ().

4. Misollar

IJOBIY:
  I love travelling.               — Sayohat qilishni juda yaxshi ko'raman.
  My brother likes playing chess.  — Akam shaxmat o'ynashni yoqtiradi.
  We enjoy walking in the evening. — Kechqurun sayr qilishdan zavq olamiz.
  I don't mind cooking.            — Ovqat pishirishga qarshi emasman.
  She hates driving in the city.   — U shaharda mashina haydashni yomon ko'radi.

INKOR:
  I don't like shopping.           — Xarid qilishni yoqtirmayman.
  He doesn't like running.         — U yugurishni yoqtirmaydi.
  They don't enjoy long meetings.  — Ular uzun yig'ilishlardan zavq olmaydi.

SAVOL + javob:
  Do you like swimming? — Yes, I do.         — Suzishni yoqtirasizmi? — Ha.
  Does she enjoy her job? — Yes, she does.  — U ishidan zavq oladimi? — Ha.
  Do they like cats? — No, not really.       — Ular mushuklarni yoqtiradimi? — Unchalik emas.
  What do you like doing? — I like coding.   — Nima qilishni yoqtirasiz? — Kod yozishni.

DASTURCHI UCHUN:
  I enjoy solving problems.        — Muammolarni hal qilishdan zavq olaman.
  I like working in a team.        — Jamoada ishlashni yoqtiraman.
  I don't mind fixing old code.    — Eski kodni tuzatishga qarshi emasman.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

• -ing /ɪŋ/ — oxirida "g" eshitilmaydi: reading /ˈriːdɪŋ/ "ri:diŋ" ("ri:ding-g" emas). /ŋ/ — burundan chiqadigan tovush, o'zbekcha "ming" so'zidagi "ng" ga o'xshaydi (2-dars).
• love /lʌv/ "lav" — "lov" emas! Yozuv aldaydi: o harfi bu yerda /ʌ/ o'qiladi.
• hate /heɪt/ "heyt" — hat /hæt/ "het" (shlyapa) bilan adashtirmang.
• enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ "in-JOY" — urg'u ikkinchi bo'g'inda.
• don't mind /dəʊnt maɪnd/ — tez nutqda "doun mayn(d)": t va d deyarli yutiladi.

Native siri: og'zaki nutqda -ing ba'zan "-in" bo'lib qoladi: "I love cookin'!" Bu norasmiy nutq; o'zingiz /ɪŋ/ ni aniq ayting, lekin eshitganda tanib oling.

Topshiriq: I like reading. I love swimming. I hate waiting. Do you like cooking? — har birini 3 marta ayting, -ing oxirini "g"siz, burun tovushi bilan tugating. Youglish'da "I enjoy" ni qidirib, 3 ta native misolni shadowing qiling.

6. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali)

Kollokatsiya va chunk'lar: in my free time (bo'sh vaqtimda), No, not really (unchalik emas), I'm not a big fan of... (... ni unchalik yoqtirmayman — muloyim), listen to music (to ni unutmang!), play chess / play football (o'yin oldidan artikl yo'q), go swimming / go shopping / go running (go + -ing — faoliyat).

7. Dialog — yangi hamkasb bilan tanishuv

Anna:   So, what do you like doing in your free time?
        — Xo'sh, bo'sh vaqtingizda nima qilishni yoqtirasiz?
Jasur:  I really like reading, and I love playing football.
        — Men o'qishni rosa yoqtiraman, futbol o'ynashni esa juda yaxshi ko'raman.
Anna:   Football? I don't like watching it, but I enjoy playing tennis.
        — Futbolmi? Men uni tomosha qilishni yoqtirmayman, lekin tennis o'ynashdan zavq olaman.
Jasur:  Nice! Do you like cooking?
        — Zo'r! Ovqat pishirishni yoqtirasizmi?
Anna:   No, not really. But I don't mind washing the dishes!
        — Yo'q, unchalik emas. Lekin idish yuvishga qarshi emasman!
Jasur:  Ha-ha. I hate washing the dishes. My mother loves cooking, so I usually eat at home.
        — Ha-ha. Men idish yuvishni yomon ko'raman. Onam ovqat pishirishni juda yaxshi ko'radi, shuning uchun odatda uyda ovqatlanaman.
Anna:   And what about work? Do you enjoy your job?
        — Ish-chi? Ishingizdan zavq olasizmi?
Jasur:  Yes, I do. I enjoy solving problems and I like working in a team.
        — Ha. Muammolarni hal qilishdan zavq olaman va jamoada ishlashni yoqtiraman.

Topshiriq: dialogdagi barcha like/love/hate/enjoy/don't mind + -ing birikmalarini toping (savoldagi like doing ni ham hisoblang). So'ng Jasur o'rniga o'zingiz haqingizda javob yozing.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• Ikkinchi fe'lni sof qoldirish: I like read. She loves cook. Sabab: o'quvchi ikkita fe'lni yonma-yon qo'yadi, "-ish" ning inglizcha muqobilini unutadi. I like reading. She loves cooking. (o'zbekcha "o'qish" = reading)

• enjoy + to: I enjoy to swim. I don't mind to wait. I enjoy swimming. I don't mind waiting. (enjoy / don't mind — faqat -ing).

• Qisqa javobda "like" yolg'iz: Do you like tea? — Yes, I like. Sabab: o'zbekchada "Ha, yoqtiraman" to'liq javob; inglizchada like to'ldiruvchisiz turmaydi. Yes, I do. / Yes, I like it.

• very + fe'l: I very like football. I like very much football. Sabab: o'zbekcha "juda yoqtiraman" so'zma-so'z tarjimasi. I really like football. / I like football very much. (very much — gap oxirida).

• am + like: I am like music. I'm love cooking. Sabab: hamma gapga to be qo'shib yuborish (5-dars bilan aralashtirish). I like music. I love cooking. (like — oddiy fe'l, am kerak emas).

• -ing imlosi: swiming, writting, makeing, runing. swimming, writing, making, running (3.5 qoidalari).

• Umumiy gapda birlik: I like cat. I don't like dog. I like cats. I don't like dogs.

• like ni would like o'rnida: kafeda I like a tea, please. I'd like a tea, please. (hozirgi so'rov — A2, 18-dars).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. -ing shaklini yozing:

cook → ___      make → ___      swim → ___      play → ___
write → ___     run → ___       dance → ___     watch → ___
sit → ___       get → ___       fix → ___       listen → ___

Mashq 2. Qavsdagi fe'lni to'g'ri shaklda yozing:

1) I love ___ (travel).
2) She ___ (like) ___ (read) books.
3) We don't mind ___ (wait).
4) He hates ___ (get) up early.
5) Do you enjoy ___ (cook)?
6) My father ___ (not / like) ___ (drive) at night.

Mashq 3. Mos fe'lni tanlang (love / like / don't mind / don't like / hate) — o'zingiz haqingizda, 5 ta gap: ___ swimming. ___ shopping. ___ getting up early. ___ watching films. ___ washing the dishes.

Mashq 4. Savol tuzing va qisqa javob bering:

1) you / like / dancing? (Yes)      → ___ — ___
2) she / enjoy / her job? (No)      → ___ — ___
3) they / like / playing chess? (Yes) → ___ — ___
4) he / like / cats? (No)           → ___ — ___

Mashq 5. Xatolarni to'g'rilang:

1) I like read books.
2) She enjoys to swim.
3) Do you like tea? — Yes, I like.
4) I very like football.
5) He is love cooking.
6) I don't mind to help you.
7) My brother like swiming.

Mashq 6. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1) Men sayohat qilishni juda yaxshi ko'raman.
2) U (qiz) ovqat pishirishni yoqtirmaydi.
3) Bo'sh vaqtingizda nima qilishni yoqtirasiz?
4) Kutishga qarshi emasman.
5) Akam erta turishni yomon ko'radi.
6) Ular futbol o'ynashdan zavq oladimi?

Mashq 7. Inglizchadan o'zbekchaga:

1) I don't like shopping.
2) Does your sister enjoy drawing?
3) I really like working in a team.
4) No, not really.

10. Amaliy topshiriq (IlmHamroh AI bilan)

Maqsad: qiziqish va didingiz haqida like/love/hate/enjoy/don't mind + -ing bilan erkin va xatosiz gapira olish.

Vazifa:

1. "Men haqimda" matni: o'zingiz haqingizda 8 ta gap yozing — har bir fe'l (love, like, enjoy, don't mind, don't like, hate) kamida bir marta bo'lsin, kamida bitta takror ravishi ham qo'shing (I usually..., I never... — 15b-dars). "Tekshir" deb yuboring.
2. Savol-javob: "Menga savol ber" deb yozing — men Do you like...? What do you like doing? Does your friend enjoy...? deb so'rayman, siz qisqa javob + bitta to'liq gap bilan javob berasiz (Yes, I do. I love swimming in summer.).
3. Intervyu mashqi: "What do you enjoy about your work (or study)?" savoliga 3–4 gapli javob yozing (I enjoy solving problems. I like learning new things...).

"Tayyor" mezonlari:

• like/love/hate/enjoy/don't mind dan keyin fe'l -ing bilan (sof fe'l emas).
• enjoy va don't mind dan keyin to yo'q.
• -ing imlosi to'g'ri (making, swimming, writing).
• he/she bilan likes/loves, inkor va savolda doesn't/Does.
• Qisqa javob to'g'ri (Yes, I do — Yes, I like emas).

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: cooking / making / swimming / playing / writing / running / dancing / watching / sitting / getting / fixing / listening. Mashq 2: 1) travelling (AmE: traveling) 2) likes, reading 3) waiting 4) getting 5) cooking 6) doesn't like, driving. Mashq 3: (erkin javob) Namuna: I love swimming. I don't like shopping. I hate getting up early. I like watching films. I don't mind washing the dishes. — fe'ldan keyin -ing shakli saqlangan bo'lsa, to'g'ri. Mashq 4: 1) Do you like dancing? — Yes, I do. 2) Does she enjoy her job? — No, she doesn't. 3) Do they like playing chess? — Yes, they do. 4) Does he like cats? — No, he doesn't. Mashq 5: 1) I like reading books. 2) She enjoys swimming. 3) Yes, I do. (Yes, I like it.) 4) I really like football. (I like football very much.) 5) He loves cooking. 6) I don't mind helping you. 7) My brother likes swimming. Mashq 6: 1) I love travelling. 2) She doesn't like cooking. 3) What do you like doing in your free time? 4) I don't mind waiting. 5) My brother hates getting up early. 6) Do they enjoy playing football? Mashq 7: 1) Men xarid qilishni yoqtirmayman. 2) Singlingiz (opangiz) rasm chizishdan zavq oladimi? 3) Men jamoada ishlashni rosa yoqtiraman. 4) Yo'q, unchalik emas.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

like / love / hate / enjoy / don't mind  +  ot       → I like tea. I love dogs.
like / love / hate / enjoy / don't mind  +  fe'l-ing → I like reading.
  enjoy, don't mind — FAQAT -ing (enjoy to swim ✗)
  3-shaxs: He likes swimming. (-s birinchi fe'lda, -ing ikkinchisida)
  INKOR:  I don't like... / She doesn't enjoy...
  SAVOL:  Do you like...? — Yes, I do. / No, not really.
          What do you like doing?
  -ing IMLO: make → making | swim → swimming | lie → lying | play → playing
  like ≠ would like: I like coffee (umuman) | I'd like a coffee (hozir)

Asosiy nuqtalar:

• Yoqtirgan harakat — fe'l + -ing (o'zbekcha -ish): I like reading.
• Shkala: love > really like > like/enjoy > don't mind > don't like > hate.
• enjoy va don't mind faqat -ing bilan; enjoy bo'sh turmaydi (I enjoy it).
• Inkor/savol — do/does (15-dars); qisqa javob: Yes, I do.
• -ing imlosi: jim -e tushadi, qisqa fe'lda undosh ikkilanadi.

Bog'lanish: -ing shakli juda ko'p joyda qaytadi: A2 da Present Continuous (I am reading — 1-dars), go swimming / go shopping, takliflarda How about going...? (21b-dars), B1 da gerunds & infinitives (enjoy doing / want to do) to'liq tizim sifatida. would like — A2, 18-dars.

Keyingi dars — A1 — 16-dars: So'roq so'zlar (what, where, who, when, why, how). Endi What do you like doing? kabi to'liq savollarni barcha so'roq so'zlar bilan tuzishni o'rganamiz — nima, qayerda, kim, qachon, nega, qanday.

Manba

R. Murphy, "Essential Grammar in Use" (like / love / hate + -ing; spelling of -ing forms); Cambridge Dictionary — "like", "enjoy", "don't mind"; British Council LearnEnglish — "Verbs followed by -ing".