Let's, Why don't we, How about — ingliz tilida taklif qilish va javob berish (A1, 21b-dars)

A1 — BOSHLANG'ICH · 21b-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

21-darsda buyruq gaplarni va Let's go ni ko'rdik. Endi taklif qilish (making suggestions) ni to'liq o'rganasiz: birgalikda biror ish qilishni taklif qilishning 5 ta usuli va ularga javob berish (rozi bo'lish yoki muloyim rad etish):

Let's go. Let's not wait. Why don't we order pizza? How about going to the park? Shall we start? — Good idea! / Sorry, I can't. / I'd rather stay at home.

Real hayotda nega kerak: do'stlar bilan reja tuzish ("How about a film tonight?"), oila bilan dam olish kuni ("Why don't we go to the mountains?"), ishda jamoa bilan ("Let's have a quick call at ten." "Shall we start the meeting?" "Why don't we test it first?"). Masofaviy jamoada ishlaganda taklif qilish — eng ko'p kerak bo'ladigan ko'nikma: buyruq berish qo'pol, taklif esa hamkorlik.

O'xshatish: buyruq (Go!) — "itarish"; taklif (Let's go! How about going?) — "qo'l cho'zish". Ikkalasida ham harakat bor, lekin taklifda siz odamni birga qilishga chaqirasiz va unga tanlov qoldirasiz.

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• 21-dars: buyruq gaplar — Open the door. Don't run. va Let's go / Let's not argue (Let's + sof fe'l).
• 20-dars: can — Can you help me? (iltimos); bugun Sorry, I can't javobida qaytadi.
• 15c-dars: -ing shakli — I like swimming. Bugun How about swimming? da kerak bo'ladi (imlo: swim → swimming).
• Tez mashq: buyruqni Let's bilan taklifga aylantiring: Start the lesson. → ___ (javob: Let's start the lesson.)

3. Asosiy tushuntirish

3.1. Taklifning 5 usuli — umumiy xarita

USUL                     TUZILMA                   MISOL
1. Let's                 Let's + sof fe'l.         Let's go.
2. Let's not             Let's not + sof fe'l.     Let's not wait.
3. Why don't we...?      Why don't we + sof fe'l?  Why don't we eat out?
4. How about / What about  + fe'l-ing / ot?        How about going out? / How about pizza?
5. Shall we...?          Shall we + sof fe'l?      Shall we start?

Oltin qoida — fe'l shakli: 1, 2, 3 va 5-usullarda fe'l sof (go, wait, eat, start). Faqat How about / What about dan keyin fe'l -ing oladi (going). Bu darsdagi eng muhim nuqta shu.

3.2. Let's / Let's not — eng oddiy, eng ko'p ishlatiladigan

Let's = Let us ("keling, ...aylik"). Siz ham harakatga qo'shilasiz:

Let's go home.             — Uyga ketaylik.
Let's have lunch.          — Tushlik qilaylik.
Let's take a taxi.         — Taksi olaylik.
Let's start the meeting.   — Yig'ilishni boshlaylik.
Let's not wait for him.    — Uni kutmaylik.
Let's not talk about work. — Ish haqida gaplashmaylik.

Diqqat — inkor: Let's not: Let's don't go ( — amerikacha so'zlashuvda ba'zan eshitiladi, lekin xato hisoblanadi), Don't let's go (eskicha britancha). Siz doim Let's not + fe'l ishlating.

Nozik farq — Let's va Let us: Let's go = "ketaylik" (taklif). Let us go esa ko'pincha "bizni qo'yib yuboring, ketishimizga ruxsat bering" degan ma'noda keladi. Xuddi shunday Let me help = "yordam berishimga ruxsat bering / yordam beray". Taklif uchun doim qisqa shakl: Let's.

O'zbekcha tuzoq — "Keling": "Keling, boraylik" ni Come, let's go () deb tarjima qilmang. "Keling" ma'nosi allaqachon Let's ichida bor: Let's go. (). Faqat odamni ruhlantirmoqchi bo'lsangiz: Come on, let's go! ("Qani, ketdik!") — bu tabiiy ibora.

3.3. Why don't we...? — savol shaklidagi taklif

Why don't we + sof fe'l ...?
  Why don't we go to the cinema?      — Kinoga bormaymizmi? / Nega kinoga bormaymiz?
  Why don't we order pizza?           — Pitsa buyurtma qilmaymizmi?
  Why don't we ask the teacher?       — O'qituvchidan so'ramaymizmi?
  Why don't we meet on Saturday?      — Shanba kuni uchrashmaymizmi?

Bu haqiqiy "nega" savoli emas — sabab so'ralmayapti, bu muloyim taklif. Qiziq tomoni: o'zbekchada ham xuddi shunday deymiz — "Nega kinoga bormaymiz?" ham, "Kinoga bormaymizmi?" ham taklif ma'nosini beradi. Shuning uchun bu tuzilma o'zbek o'quvchisiga oson.

Diqqat — javobda "Because" yo'q: Why don't we go to the park? — Because... (). Bu taklif, shuning uchun javob: Good idea! yoki Sorry, I can't.

Diqqat — so'z tartibi: Why don't we go...? () — don't egadan oldin. Why we don't go...? (). Savol tartibi 15-darsdagi kabi: so'roq so'z + yordamchi + ega + fe'l.

Why don't you...? — "siz" uchun maslahat, siz qatnashmaysiz:

Why don't you ask your manager?   — Menejeringizdan so'rasangiz-chi?
Why don't you take a break?       — Bir oz dam olsangiz-chi?

Kontekstga qarang: Why don't you like coffee? — bu haqiqiy savol (Nega kofeni yoqtirmaysiz?), chunki like — harakat taklifi emas. Taklif bo'lishi uchun fe'l birga qilinadigan harakat bo'ladi (go, eat, meet, try).

3.4. How about / What about + -ing yoki ot

How about + fe'l-ing ...?
  How about going for a walk?      — Sayrga chiqsak-chi?
  How about watching a film?       — Film ko'rsak-chi?
  How about having lunch together? — Birga tushlik qilsak-chi?

How about / What about + ot?
  How about pizza?                 — Pitsa-chi? (Pitsa yesak-chi?)
  What about Friday?               — Juma kuni-chi?
  How about the new cafe?          — Yangi kafe-chi?
  What about seven o'clock?        — Soat yettida-chi?

How about va What about taklifda deyarli bir xil ma'noda. O'zbekcha "-chi?" ("Pitsa-chi?", "Juma-chi?") yoki "...sak-chi?" ("Borsak-chi?") bilan juda yaxshi mos keladi.

Oltin qoida: How about dan keyin fe'l — faqat -ing: How about going? (), How about go? (), How about to go? (). Sababi: about — predlog, predlogdan keyin fe'l doim -ing oladi (15c-dars: -ing imlosi — swim → swimming, make → making).

3.5. Shall we...? — muloyim, "qilaylikmi?"

Shall we + sof fe'l ...?
  Shall we go?                 — Ketaylikmi?
  Shall we start?              — Boshlaylikmi?
  Shall we dance?              — Raqsga tushaylikmi?
  What time shall we meet?     — Soat nechada uchrashaylik?
  Where shall we go tonight?   — Bugun kechqurun qayerga boraylik?

Shall we...? — sherigingizning fikrini so'raysiz: "Shunday qilaylikmi, rozimisiz?" Bu britancha ingliz tilida juda keng tarqalgan va muloyim eshitiladi. Amerikaliklar ko'pincha Should we...? deydi: Should we go? A1 da shall ni faqat Shall we / Shall I savollarida ishlating.

Native siri — Shall I...? o'zingiz yordam taklif qilganda: Shall I open the window? (Derazani ochaymi?), Shall I help you? (Yordam beraymi?). Bu taklif emas, xizmat taklifi — juda muloyim.

3.6. Taklifga javob berish

Rozi bo'lish:

Good idea! / Great idea!      — Yaxshi fikr! / Zo'r fikr!
Sounds good! / Sounds great!  — Yaxshi eshitiladi! (= Zo'r, mayli!)
OK, let's do that.            — Mayli, shunday qilaylik.
Why not?                      — Nega endi yo'q? (= Bo'pti!)
Sure! / Yes, let's.           — Albatta! / Ha, qilaylik.
I'd love to!                  — Jon deb! (juda xohlayman)

Muloyim rad etish (sabab bilan):

Sorry, I can't. I'm busy.         — Kechirasiz, qila olmayman. Bandman.
I'm afraid I can't. I have work.  — Afsuski, qila olmayman. Ishim bor.
Maybe another time.               — Balki boshqa safar.
I'm not sure. I'm a bit tired.    — Bilmadim. Biroz charchaganman.

Boshqa variant taklif qilish — I'd rather...:

I'd rather + sof fe'l            — ...ni afzal ko'raman, yaxshisi...
  I'd rather stay at home.       — Yaxshisi, uyda qolay.
  I'd rather not go out tonight. — Bugun kechqurun chiqmay qo'ya qolay.
  How about the park instead?    — Uning o'rniga park-chi?

Diqqat — I'd rather: I'd = I would. Undan keyin fe'l sof, to siz: I'd rather stay (), I'd rather to stay (). Inkori: I'd rather not go (not — fe'ldan oldin).

Madaniy nuqta: ingliz tilida quruq No. bilan javob berish juda qo'pol eshitiladi. Rad etayotganda uzr + sabab qo'shing: Sorry, I can't — I'm working late. Yoki boshqa variant bering: I'd rather go tomorrow. Bu sizni muloyim va hamkorlikka tayyor ko'rsatadi — ish muhitida juda muhim.

3.7. Qaysi birini qachon tanlash kerak

Let's ...           — to'g'ridan, ishonch bilan; qaror deyarli qabul qilingan
Why don't we ...?   — yumshoq, do'stona; fikr so'raladi
How about ...?      — yengil, norasmiy; variant tashlanadi (ko'pincha ot bilan)
Shall we ...?       — muloyim, fikr so'raladi; britancha

Masalan, yig'ilishni boshlash: Let's start. (siz rahbar, qaror qildingiz) — Shall we start? (hammadan rozilik so'rayapsiz). Tushlik tanlash: How about sushi? (bir variant tashlaysiz).

Mini-mashq (3.2–3.6): to'g'ri shaklni tanlang.

1) How about (go / going) to the park?
2) Why don't we (order / ordering) pizza?
3) Let's (not wait / don't wait) for the bus.
4) I'd rather (stay / to stay) at home.

Javob: 1) going 2) order 3) not wait 4) stay.

4. Misollar

LET'S / LET'S NOT:
  Let's meet at the station.         — Vokzalda uchrashaylik.
  Let's not be late.                 — Kechikmaylik.

WHY DON'T WE...?
  Why don't we cook dinner together? — Kechki ovqatni birga pishirmaymizmi?
  Why don't we take the metro?       — Metroda bormaymizmi?

HOW ABOUT / WHAT ABOUT...?
  How about playing football on Sunday? — Yakshanba futbol o'ynasak-chi?
  What about a cup of tea?              — Bir piyola choy-chi?

SHALL WE...?
  Shall we sit here?                 — Shu yerga o'tiraylikmi?
  Where shall we have dinner?        — Qayerda kechki ovqat qilaylik?

JAVOBLAR:
  Why don't we go to the mountains? — Great idea! / Sorry, I can't. I'm working.
  How about Friday? — Sounds good. / I'd rather meet on Saturday.

ISHDA (dasturchi uchun):
  Let's have a quick call at ten.        — O'nda qisqa qo'ng'iroq qilaylik.
  Why don't we test it first?            — Avval uni test qilmaymizmi?
  How about using a different library?   — Boshqa kutubxona ishlatsak-chi?
  Shall we move on to the next task?     — Keyingi vazifaga o'taylikmi?

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

• Let's /lets/ "lets" — oxirida aniq s: Let's go "lets gou" ("let gou" emas).
• Why don't we /waɪ dəʊnt wiː/ — tez nutqda "way-doun-wi:": t deyarli yutiladi. w tovushi — lablar yumaloqlanadi, "v" emas (2-dars).
• How about /haʊ əˈbaʊt/ — qo'shilib "hawə-baut" ("How-about" orasida to'xtamaysiz).
• Shall we /ʃəl wiː/ — shall zaif: "shəl wi:".
• rather /ˈrɑːðə/ "ra:ðə" — ð: til uchi tishlar orasida, jarangli (the dagi kabi); I'd rather → "ayd ra:ðə".
• Sounds good /saʊndz ɡʊd/ — "saundz gud".

Native siri — ohang: taklifni iliq, ko'tariluvchi-tushuvchi ohangda ayting: How about going OUT ↗? Juda tekis ohangda aytilgan Let's go buyruqdek eshitiladi. Rozi bo'lganda ovozingizda quvonch bo'lsin: Great idea! ↘ (yuqoridan boshlab tushadi).

Topshiriq: Let's go. Why don't we meet at six? How about going for a walk? Shall we start? I'd rather stay at home. — har birini iliq ohangda 3 martadan ayting. Youglish'da "Why don't we" ni qidirib, native qanchalik tez aytishini eshiting va shadowing qiling.

6. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali)

Kollokatsiya va chunk'lar: Are you free on...? (... kuni bo'shmisiz?), Let's meet at... (soat ... da uchrashaylik), Let's do it! (Qildik!), Let's see. (Ko'ramiz. / Qani, bir o'ylab ko'raylik.), Come on, let's go! (Qani, ketdik!), Sounds like a plan! (Zo'r reja, kelishdik!).

7. Dialog — dam olish kuni rejasi

Aziz:   Are you free on Saturday?
        — Shanba kuni bo'shmisiz?
Malika: Yes, I am. Why?
        — Ha, bo'shman. Nima edi?
Aziz:   Why don't we go to the mountains?
        — Tog'ga bormaymizmi?
Malika: Hmm, it's very cold. I'd rather stay in the city.
        — Hmm, juda sovuq. Yaxshisi, shaharda qolaylik.
Aziz:   OK. How about going to the new museum?
        — Mayli. Yangi muzeyga borsak-chi?
Malika: Good idea! And let's have lunch after that.
        — Yaxshi fikr! Keyin tushlik ham qilaylik.
Aziz:   Sounds good. What time shall we meet?
        — Zo'r. Soat nechada uchrashaylik?
Malika: How about ten o'clock?
        — Soat o'nda-chi?
Aziz:   Ten is a bit early. Let's meet at eleven.
        — O'n biroz erta. O'n birda uchrashaylik.
Malika: OK. Let's not be late this time!
        — Mayli. Bu safar kechikmaylik!

Ishda — qisqa suhbat:

Team lead: Shall we start? — Boshlaylikmi?
Dev:       Yes, let's. — Ha, boshlaylik.
Team lead: The app is slow. Any suggestions? — Ilova sekin. Takliflar bormi?
Dev:       Why don't we check the database first? — Avval ma'lumotlar bazasini tekshirmaymizmi?
Team lead: Good idea. And how about adding a cache? — Yaxshi fikr. Kesh qo'shsak-chi?
Dev:       Sure. Let's try it today. — Albatta. Bugun sinab ko'raylik.

Topshiriq: dialoglardagi barcha takliflarni toping va ularni 5 usulga ajrating (Let's / Let's not / Why don't we / How about / Shall we). Rad etish va boshqa variant taklif qilish qaysi gaplarda ekanini belgilang.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• How about + sof fe'l: How about go to the park? How about to watch a film? Sabab: boshqa taklif shakllari sof fe'l bilan bo'lgani uchun hammasini bir xil qilish. How about going to the park? How about watching a film? (about → -ing).

• Let's + to / -ing: Let's to go. Let's going. Let's go. (Let's + sof fe'l — 21-dars).

• Inkor taklifda don't: Let's don't wait. Let's not wait.

• "Keling" ni tarjima qilish: Come, let's go to the cinema. Sabab: o'zbekcha "Keling, kinoga boraylik" ni so'zma-so'z ko'chirish. Let's go to the cinema. (ruhlantirish uchun: Come on, let's go!)

• Why don't we da so'z tartibi: Why we don't go out? Why don't we go out? (yordamchi don't egadan oldin).

• Taklifga "Because" bilan javob: Why don't we eat out? — Because I'm hungry. Good idea! I'm hungry. (bu savol emas, taklif).

• I'd rather + to: I'd rather to stay at home. I rather stay. I'd rather stay at home. ('d kerak, to yo'q).

• Quruq "No": How about a film? — No. Sabab: o'zbekchada ham qo'pol, lekin inglizchada yanada qattiqroq eshitiladi. Sorry, I can't. I'm busy tonight. Maybe another time?

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. Fe'lni to'g'ri shaklda yozing (sof yoki -ing):

1) Let's ___ (have) a break.
2) How about ___ (go) to the cinema?
3) Why don't we ___ (ask) Anna?
4) Shall we ___ (start)?
5) What about ___ (swim) in the lake?
6) Let's not ___ (take) a taxi.
7) I'd rather ___ (stay) at home.
8) How about ___ (make) a pizza?

Mashq 2. Bitta taklifni boshqa shakllarga aylantiring: Let's go to the park.

→ Why don't we ___?
→ How about ___?
→ Shall we ___?

Mashq 3. Taklifga mos javobni tanlang (a–d):

1) How about a film tonight?          a) Sorry, I can't. I'm busy on Sunday.
2) Shall we start the meeting?        b) Yes, let's. Everybody is here.
3) Why don't we go to the beach?      c) Sounds great! Which film?
4) Let's play tennis on Sunday.       d) Good idea! It's very hot today.

Mashq 4. Xatolarni to'g'rilang:

1) How about go for a walk?
2) Let's to eat something.
3) Let's don't wait for the bus.
4) Why we don't order pizza?
5) I'd rather to stay here.
6) Shall we going?

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1) Keling, tushlik qilaylik.
2) Kinoga bormaymizmi? (Why don't we...)
3) Sayrga chiqsak-chi? (How about...)
4) Boshlaylikmi?
5) Kechikmaylik.
6) Kechirasiz, qila olmayman. Bandman.
7) Yaxshisi, uyda qolay.

Mashq 6. Inglizchadan o'zbekchaga:

1) Why don't we meet on Friday?
2) How about the new cafe?
3) Sounds good!
4) Maybe another time.

Mashq 7. Vaziyatga mos taklif yozing (istalgan usulda):

1) Siz va do'stingiz och qoldingiz.       → ___
2) Havo juda yaxshi.                       → ___
3) Jamoangiz ikki soat ishladi, charchadi. → ___
4) Ertaga imtihon bor.                     → ___

10. Amaliy topshiriq (IlmHamroh AI bilan)

Maqsad: dam olish yoki ish rejasini tuzishda 5 xil taklif shaklini ishlatish va takliflarga muloyim javob berish.

Vazifa:

1. Reja tuzish rol o'yini: "Reja" deb yozing — men do'stingizman va dam olish kuni haqida gaplashamiz. Siz kamida 4 ta turli shakl bilan taklif qilasiz (Let's..., Why don't we...?, How about...?, Shall we...?); men ba'zilarini rad etaman — siz boshqa variant taklif qilasiz.
2. Rad etish mashqi: "Taklif qil" deb yozing — men sizga 5 ta taklif beraman; siz 2 tasiga rozi bo'lasiz, 3 tasini uzr + sabab bilan rad etasiz (bittasida I'd rather... bo'lsin).
3. Ish vaziyati: jamoa yig'ilishida sekin ishlayotgan saytni tezlashtirish uchun 4 ta taklif yozing (Why don't we..., How about using...) va "tekshir" deb yuboring.

"Tayyor" mezonlari:

• Let's / Why don't we / Shall we dan keyin fe'l sof.
• How about / What about dan keyin -ing yoki ot.
• Inkor taklif — Let's not (Let's don't emas).
• Rad etishda uzr + sabab (quruq No emas).
• I'd rather + sof fe'l, to siz.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1) have 2) going 3) ask 4) start 5) swimming 6) take 7) stay 8) making. Mashq 2: Why don't we go to the park? / How about going to the park? / Shall we go to the park? Mashq 3: 1) c 2) b 3) d 4) a. Mashq 4: 1) How about going for a walk? 2) Let's eat something. 3) Let's not wait for the bus. 4) Why don't we order pizza? 5) I'd rather stay here. 6) Shall we go? Mashq 5: 1) Let's have lunch. 2) Why don't we go to the cinema? 3) How about going for a walk? 4) Shall we start? 5) Let's not be late. 6) Sorry, I can't. I'm busy. 7) I'd rather stay at home. Mashq 6: 1) Juma kuni uchrashmaymizmi? 2) Yangi kafe-chi? 3) Zo'r, mayli! (Yaxshi eshitiladi!) 4) Balki boshqa safar. Mashq 7: (namuna javoblar) 1) Let's have lunch. / Why don't we order food? 2) How about going for a walk? 3) Shall we have a break? 4) Why don't we study together tonight? — fe'l shakli to'g'ri bo'lsa, boshqa javoblar ham qabul qilinadi.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

TAKLIF:
  Let's + sof fe'l.            Let's go.          | Let's not + fe'l: Let's not wait.
  Why don't we + sof fe'l?     Why don't we eat out?
  How/What about + -ing / ot?  How about going? | How about pizza?
  Shall we + sof fe'l?         Shall we start? | What time shall we meet?
JAVOB:
  ✅ Good idea! / Sounds good! / Why not? / Sure! / I'd love to!
  ❌ Sorry, I can't. I'm busy. / I'm afraid I can't. / Maybe another time.
  🔄 I'd rather + sof fe'l: I'd rather stay at home. / How about ... instead?

Asosiy nuqtalar:

• Taklifning 5 usuli: Let's, Let's not, Why don't we, How about, Shall we.
• Faqat How about / What about dan keyin -ing; qolganlarida sof fe'l.
• Why don't we...? — "nega" savoli emas, taklif (o'zbekcha "...maymizmi?").
• Rad etishda uzr + sabab; boshqa variant — I'd rather... yoki How about... instead?

Bog'lanish: takliflar A2 da funksional til darslarida kengayadi (A2, 9-dars: reja tuzish — Are you free on...? Let's meet...), would like (A2, 18-dars: Would you like to come? — taklif-chaqiruv), could (We could go to the park); B1 da suggest + -ing (I suggest going...) va rasmiy takliflar.

Keyingi dars — A1 — 22-dars: have / have got (egalik). Endi "menda ... bor" deyishning ikki usulini o'rganamiz: I have a car / I've got a car — egalik, oila, kasallik va xususiyatlar uchun.

Manba

R. Murphy, "Essential Grammar in Use" (let's, shall, why don't we); Cambridge Dictionary — "let's", "how about", "would rather"; British Council LearnEnglish — "Making suggestions".