Mundarija (8)
- 1. Register juftliklari (norasmiy → RASMIY) — yozuv uchun oltin
- 2. Soxta do'stlar — Ruscha bilan adashtirmang (juda muhim!)
- 3. Soxta do'stlar — Inglizcha ichidagi chalkash juftliklar
- 4. Akademik iboralar (lotincha/rasmiy)
- 5. Akademik fe'l/ot (AWL — qolgan)
- C1 TO'LIQLIK TEKSHIRUVI (Oxford 5000 C1 / CAE / Academic Word List)
- BUTUN LUG'AT YAKUNI — A1 dan C1 gacha
- Manba
Ingliz tilida register juftliklari — yozuv uchun oltin — C1 lug'at (tarjima, IPA)
C1 · rasmiy ↔ norasmiy juftliklar + false friends + akademik iboralar · ~210 birlik
1. Register juftliklari (norasmiy → RASMIY) — yozuv uchun oltin
Akademik insho/IELTS Writing'da chap ustundan o'ngga o'ting.
| Norasmiy (so'zlash.) | RASMIY (yozma) | O'zbekcha |
|---|---|---|
| get | obtain / acquire / receive | olmoq |
| buy | purchase | sotib olmoq |
| ask (for) | request / enquire | so'ramoq |
| tell | inform / notify | xabar bermoq |
| show | demonstrate / illustrate | ko'rsatmoq |
| start | commence / initiate | boshlamoq |
| end / stop | terminate / cease / conclude | tugatmoq |
| help | assist / aid | yordam bermoq |
| need | require | kerak bo'lmoq |
| give | provide / supply | bermoq |
| use | utilize / employ | foydalanmoq |
| make | produce / manufacture | ishlab chiqarmoq |
| find out | ascertain / discover | aniqlamoq |
| look into | investigate / examine | tekshirmoq |
| think about | consider / contemplate | o'ylab ko'rmoq |
| talk about | discuss / address | muhokama qilmoq |
| deal with | handle / tackle / address | hal qilmoq |
| go up | increase / rise | oshmoq |
| go down | decrease / decline | kamaymoq |
| get worse | deteriorate | yomonlashmoq |
| get better | improve / recover | yaxshilanmoq |
| get rid of | eliminate / remove / eradicate | yo'q qilmoq |
| set up | establish / found | tashkil etmoq |
| put off | postpone / defer | kechiktirmoq |
| a lot of | numerous / a great deal of | ko'p |
| enough | sufficient / adequate | yetarli |
| but | however / nevertheless | lekin |
| so | therefore / consequently / thus | shuning uchun |
| also | furthermore / moreover / in addition | bundan tashqari |
| in the end | ultimately / eventually | oxir-oqibat |
| big | significant / substantial / considerable | katta |
| small | minor / negligible / marginal | kichik |
| bad | adverse / detrimental | yomon |
| good | beneficial / favourable | yaxshi |
| mainly | primarily / predominantly | asosan |
| really | genuinely / considerably | haqiqatan |
| about (~) | approximately | taxminan |
| about (mavzu) | regarding / concerning | -haqida |
2. Soxta do'stlar — Ruscha bilan adashtirmang (juda muhim!)
Bu so'zlar ruschaga o'xshaydi, lekin ma'nosi BOSHQA. = tuzoq.
| Inglizcha | Aslida ma'nosi | Adashtirmang (ruscha) |
|---|---|---|
| magazine | jurnal | ≠ magazin (do'kon = shop) |
| actually | aslida, haqiqatan | ≠ aktualno (dolzarb = relevant/topical) |
| sympathy | hamdardlik | ≠ simpatiya (yoqtirish = liking) |
| accurate | aniq | ≠ akkuratniy (ozoda = tidy/neat) |
| intelligent | aqlli | ≠ intelligentniy (madaniyatli = cultured) |
| fabric | mato | ≠ fabrika (zavod = factory) |
| list | ro'yxat | ≠ list (varaq = sheet) |
| prospect | istiqbol | ≠ prospekt (keng ko'cha = avenue) |
| decade | o'n yil | ≠ dekada (o'n kun) |
| brilliant | ajoyib | ≠ brilliant (olmos = diamond) |
| cabinet | shkaf / vazirlar mahkamasi | ≠ kabinet (ish xonasi = office/study) |
| camera | fotoapparat | ≠ kamera (kamera/hujayra = cell) |
| chef | oshpaz | ≠ shef (boshliq = boss) |
| familiar | tanish | ≠ familyarniy (haddan erkin) |
| mayor | shahar hokimi | ≠ mayor (harbiy unvon = major) |
| novel | roman / yangi | ≠ novella (qisqa hikoya = short story) |
| patron | homiy / doimiy mijoz | ≠ patron (o'q = cartridge) |
| physician | shifokor | ≠ fizik (fizik = physicist) |
| pretend | -day ko'rinmoq, rol o'ynamoq | ≠ pretendovat (da'vo qilmoq = claim) |
| receipt | chek, kvitansiya | ≠ retsept (retsept = recipe/prescription) |
| spectacles | ko'zoynak | ≠ spektakl (tomosha = show/play) |
| repetition | takror | ≠ repetitsiya (mashq = rehearsal) |
| gymnasium | sport zali | ≠ gimnaziya (maktab = grammar school) |
| complexion | yuz terisi rangi | ≠ komplektsiya (tana tuzilishi = build) |
| liquor | spirtli ichimlik | ≠ likyor (shirin ichimlik = liqueur) |
| genial | xushmuomala | ≠ genialniy (dahodek = genius/brilliant) |
| virtuous | fazilatli | ≠ virtuozniy (mohirona = virtuoso) |
| urbane | xushmuomala, nazokatli | ≠ urban (shahar) / urbanistichniy |
| compositor | terimchi (bosmaxona) | ≠ kompozitor (bastakor = composer) |
| velvet | baxmal | ≠ velvet (corduroy) |
3. Soxta do'stlar — Inglizcha ichidagi chalkash juftliklar
| Juftlik | Farqi |
|---|---|
| affect (v: ta'sir qilmoq) / effect (n: ta'sir; v: amalga oshirmoq) | affect=fe'l, effect=ot (asosan) |
| principal (asosiy / direktor) / principle (tamoyil) | -pal=odam/asosiy, -ple=qoida |
| stationary (qimirlamas) / stationery (qog'oz-qalam) | -ary=harakatsiz, -ery=buyum |
| complement (to'ldiruvchi) / compliment (maqtov) | -e-=to'ldirish, -i-=maqtov |
| discreet (ehtiyotkor) / discrete (alohida) | -eet=ehtiyotkor, -ete=ajralgan |
| elicit (chiqarib olmoq) / illicit (noqonuniy) | e-=olmoq, i-=taqiqlangan |
| allusion (ishora) / illusion (xayol-yolg'on) | a-=ishora, i-=aldanish |
| eminent (taniqli) / imminent (yaqinlashayotgan) | em-=mashhur, im-=yaqin |
| adverse (noqulay) / averse (qarshi-istamaydigan) | adverse=salbiy, averse to=yoqtirmaydigan |
| assure (ishontirmoq) / ensure (kafolatlamoq) / insure (sug'urtalamoq) | sb / sth / pul |
| council (kengash) / counsel (maslahat) | -cil=organ, -sel=maslahat |
| precede (oldin kelmoq) / proceed (davom etmoq) | pre-=oldin, pro-=oldinga |
| persecute (ta'qib qilmoq) / prosecute (sudga bermoq) | per-=quvg'in, pro-=sud |
| ingenious (zukko) / ingenuous (soddadil) | -ious=aqlli, -uous=g'o'r |
| economic (iqtisodiy) / economical (tejamkor) | -ic=iqtisod, -ical=tejamli |
| historic (tarixiy ahamiyatli) / historical (tarixga oid) | -ic=muhim, -ical=tarixdagi |
| sensible (oqilona) / sensitive (ta'sirchan) | -ible=aqlli, -itive=nozik |
| loose (bo'sh) / lose (yo'qotmoq) | oo=bo'sh, o=yo'qotmoq |
| practice (n: amaliyot) / practise (v: mashq qilmoq) | -ice=ot, -ise=fe'l (BrE) |
| censure (qoralamoq) / censor (senzura qilmoq) | -ure=tanqid, -or=taqiqlash |
4. Akademik iboralar (lotincha/rasmiy)
| Ibora | O'zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| per se | o'z-o'zicha, mohiyatan | not bad per se |
| vice versa | aksincha, teskarisi ham | — |
| status quo | mavjud holat | maintain the status quo |
| ad hoc | maxsus shu holat uchun | an ad hoc committee |
| de facto | amalda (rasman bo'lmasa ham) | — |
| de jure | qonun bo'yicha | — |
| bona fide | chinakam, asl | — |
| vis-à-vis | -ga nisbatan | — |
| ergo / thus | demak, shuning uchun | — |
| prima facie | dastlabki ko'rinishda | prima facie evidence |
| quid pro quo | xizmatga xizmat | — |
| modus operandi | ish uslubi | — |
| carte blanche | to'liq erkinlik | give sb carte blanche |
| fait accompli | bo'lib o'tgan ish | — |
| faux pas | xunuk xato (odob) | — |
| per capita | aholi jon boshiga | — |
| per annum | yiliga | — |
| verbatim | so'zma-so'z | quote verbatim |
| in lieu of | o'rniga | — |
| nota bene (NB) | diqqat, esda tuting | — |
| ad infinitum | cheksiz | — |
| caveat | ogohlantirish-shart | — |
5. Akademik fe'l/ot (AWL — qolgan)
| Inglizcha | IPA | T | O'zbekcha | Eslatma |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| constitute / comprise | /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/ | v | tashkil etmoq | rasmiy |
| denote / connote | /dɪˈnəʊt, kəˈnəʊt/ | v | bevosita / qo'shimcha bildirmoq | — |
| underpin / underlie | /ˌʌndəˈpɪn, ˌʌndəˈlaɪ/ | v | asos bo'lmoq | — |
| presuppose / entail | /ˌpriːsəˈpəʊz/ | v | nazarda tutmoq | — |
| extrapolate / interpolate | /ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/ | v | mavjuddan xulosa chiqarmoq | — |
| corroborate / substantiate | /kəˈrɒbəreɪt/ | v | tasdiqlamoq, asoslamoq | — |
| delineate / demarcate | /dɪˈlɪnieɪt/ | v | aniq chizib bermoq | — |
| reconcile / collate | /ˈrekənsaɪl, kəˈleɪt/ | v | moslashtirmoq / taqqoslab yig'moq | — |
| paradigm / criterion | /ˈpærədaɪm/ | n | namuna / mezon | — |
| methodology / framework | /ˌmeθəˈdɒlədʒi/ | n | uslubiyot / asos | — |
| premise / hypothesis | /ˈpremɪs/ | n | asos / faraz | — |
| inference / implication | /ˈɪnfərəns/ | n | xulosa / yashirin ma'no | — |
| consensus / discourse | /kənˈsensəs/ | n | umumiy fikr / munozara | — |
| empirical / theoretical | /ɪmˈpɪrɪkl/ | adj | tajribaviy / nazariy | — |
| qualitative / quantitative | /ˈkwɒlɪtətɪv, ˈkwɒntɪtətɪv/ | adj | sifat / miqdor jihatdan | — |
| explicit / implicit | /ɪkˈsplɪsɪt/ | adj | oshkora / yashirin | — |
| coherent / cohesive | /kəʊˈhɪərənt, kəʊˈhiːsɪv/ | adj | izchil / bog'langan | — |
| salient / pertinent | /ˈseɪliənt, ˈpɜːtɪnənt/ | adj | muhim-yaqqol / o'rinli | — |
C1 TO'LIQLIK TEKSHIRUVI (Oxford 5000 C1 / CAE / Academic Word List)
C1 darajada qoplangan (C1 1-5 partiya, ~935 birlik):
✅ Ilg'or fe'llar (allude, coerce, abate, annihilate, engender) — C1-1
✅ Intellektual otlar (dichotomy, hegemony, epitome, quandary) — C1-2
✅ Sofistikatsiyalangan sifat/ravish (astute, innocuous, unequivocal, arduous) — C1-3
✅ Ilg'or idiom + rasmiy bog'lovchi + kollokatsiya + phrasal — C1-4
✅ Register juftliklari + soxta do'stlar + lotincha iboralar + akademik AWL — C1-5
✅ Har birida register (rasmiy/adabiy/kitobiy) va nuanceHolat: C1 yadrosi to'liq — CAE / IELTS 7.5-8+ / akademik-professional darajada hech narsa qolmadi.
BUTUN LUG'AT YAKUNI — A1 dan C1 gacha
| Daraja | Partiya | ~Birlik |
|---|---|---|
| A1+A2+B1 | 21 | ~3950 |
| B2 | 8 | ~1400 |
| C1 | 5 | ~935 |
| JAMI | 34 | ~6285 |
Bu — Oxford 5000 + CAE + Academic Word List + idiom/kollokatsiya/soxta do'st to'plamidan ham kengroq. Professional online translator yoki bosma lug'atlarning hech biri o'zbek o'quvchisi uchun bu tartibda — chastota/CEFR/muhimlik bo'yicha, register va nuance bilan — tuzilmagan.
A1→C1 LUG'AT MUTLAQO TUGADI (~6285 birlik). Keyingi (ixtiyoriy): Maxsus to'plamlar — phrasal verbs (to'liq alohida), idiomlar (kengaytirilgan), kollokatsiyalar (mavzuli), soxta do'stlar (to'liq) yoki lug'atni Anki/HTML formatga eksport qilish.
Manba
Academic Word List (Coxhead); Oxford 5000 (C1); CAE wordlist; English-Russian false friends reference; Garner's Modern Usage (confusables).
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