Mundarija (12)
- 1. INGLIZ TILIDAGI 12 ZAMON (to'liq jadval)
- Hozirgi (Present)
- O'tgan (Past)
- Kelajak (Future)
- 2. Har zamonning vaqt so'zlari (signal words)
- 3. MODAL fe'llar (to'liq jadval)
- Modal + perfect (o'tmishga taxmin/afsus)
- 4. Savol so'zlari (question words)
- 5. Qisqarishlar (contractions)
- 6. Shartli gaplar (conditionals) — to'liq jadval
- 7. Passiv (be + V3) — barcha zamonlar
- Manba
Ingliz tilidagi 12 zamon jadvali — vaqt so'zlari, modal fe'llar va savol so'zlari
Yodlanadigan grammatik jadvallar (2) · ~150 birlik
1. INGLIZ TILIDAGI 12 ZAMON (to'liq jadval)
Asos: V1=work, V2=worked, V3=worked, Ving=working
Hozirgi (Present)
| Zamon | Tuzilishi | Qachon | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | V1 / V+s | odat, fakt, jadval | I work every day |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are + Ving | hozir, vaqtincha | I am working now |
| Present Perfect | have/has + V3 | o'tmish→hozir natija | I have worked here |
| Present Perfect Cont. | have/has been + Ving | yaqindan davom etgan | I have been working |
O'tgan (Past)
| Zamon | Tuzilishi | Qachon | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| Past Simple | V2 | tugagan o'tmish | I worked yesterday |
| Past Continuous | was/were + Ving | o'tmishda davom | I was working at 8 |
| Past Perfect | had + V3 | o'tmishdan oldingi | I had worked before |
| Past Perfect Cont. | had been + Ving | o'tmishgacha davom | I had been working |
Kelajak (Future)
| Zamon | Tuzilishi | Qachon | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| Future Simple | will + V1 | kelajak qaror/bashorat | I will work tomorrow |
| Future Continuous | will be + Ving | kelajakda davom | I will be working at 8 |
| Future Perfect | will have + V3 | kelajakda tugagan | I will have worked by 5 |
| Future Perfect Cont. | will have been + Ving | kelajakkacha davom | I will have been working |
2. Har zamonning vaqt so'zlari (signal words)
| Zamon | Signal so'zlar |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | always, usually, often, every day, sometimes, never |
| Present Continuous | now, right now, at the moment, currently, today |
| Present Perfect | already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recently |
| Past Simple | yesterday, ago, last week, in 2010, then |
| Past Continuous | while, when, at 8 o'clock (o'tmishda) |
| Past Perfect | before, after, by the time, already (o'tmishda) |
| Future Simple | tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future |
| Future Perfect | by, by the time, by then (kelajak) |
3. MODAL fe'llar (to'liq jadval)
Modaldan keyin har doim V1 (to'siz!): can go, must be.
| Modal | Ma'nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| can | qila olmoq / ruxsat / imkon | I can swim |
| could | -bilardi / muloyim iltimos | Could you help? |
| may | mumkin (ruxsat/ehtimol) | It may rain |
| might | bo'lishi mumkin (kamroq) | She might come |
| must | shart / aniq xulosa | You must stop |
| mustn't | qat'iy taqiq | You mustn't smoke |
| shall | taklif (I/we) | Shall we go? |
| should | kerak / maslahat | You should rest |
| ought to | kerak (=should) | You ought to go |
| will | kelajak / va'da | I will help |
| would | -bo'lardi / muloyim | I would like... |
| have to | majburiyat (tashqi) | I have to work |
| don't have to | shart emas | You don't have to come |
| need to | kerak | You need to rest |
| had better | yaxshisi (ogohlantirish) | You had better go |
| used to | ilgari (o'tmish odat) | I used to smoke |
Modal + perfect (o'tmishga taxmin/afsus)
| Shakl | Ma'no | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| must have + V3 | aniq qilgan (xulosa) | He must have left |
| can't have + V3 | aniq qilmagan | She can't have known |
| might/may have + V3 | qilgan bo'lishi mumkin | They might have forgotten |
| should have + V3 | qilishi kerak edi (qilmadi) | I should have studied |
| could have + V3 | qila olardi (qilmadi) | You could have called |
| would have + V3 | qilardi (shart bajarilmadi) | I would have come |
4. Savol so'zlari (question words)
| So'z | O'zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| what | nima | What is this? |
| who | kim | Who are you? |
| whose | kimning | Whose book? |
| whom | kimni (rasmiy) | Whom did you see? |
| which | qaysi | Which one? |
| where | qayerda | Where is it? |
| when | qachon | When do you start? |
| why | nega | Why not? |
| how | qanday | How are you? |
| how many | nechta (sanaladigan) | How many books? |
| how much | qancha (sanalmaydigan/narx) | How much is it? |
| how long | qancha vaqt | How long does it take? |
| how often | qanchalik tez-tez | How often? |
| how old | necha yosh | How old are you? |
| how far | qancha uzoq | How far is it? |
| what kind of | qanday tur | What kind of music? |
5. Qisqarishlar (contractions)
| To'liq | Qisqa | To'liq | Qisqa |
|---|---|---|---|
| I am | I'm | is not | isn't |
| you are | you're | are not | aren't |
| he is | he's | was not | wasn't |
| we are | we're | were not | weren't |
| they are | they're | do not | don't |
| I have | I've | does not | doesn't |
| you have | you've | did not | didn't |
| he has | he's | have not | haven't |
| I will | I'll | has not | hasn't |
| she will | she'll | will not | won't |
| I would | I'd | would not | wouldn't |
| I had | I'd | cannot | can't |
| there is | there's | could not | couldn't |
| let us | let's | should not | shouldn't |
| that is | that's | must not | mustn't |
I'd = I had YOKI I would (kontekstdan); he's = he is YOKI he has.
6. Shartli gaplar (conditionals) — to'liq jadval
| Tur | If-qism | Asosiy qism | Qachon | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (fakt) | if + Present | Present | har doim rost | If you heat ice, it melts |
| 1 (real kelajak) | if + Present | will + V1 | mumkin | If it rains, I will stay |
| 2 (noreal hozir) | if + Past | would + V1 | xayoliy | If I were rich, I would travel |
| 3 (noreal o'tmish) | if + Past Perfect | would have + V3 | o'tmish afsus | If I had known, I would have come |
| Mixed | if + Past Perfect | would + V1 | o'tmish→hozir | If I had studied, I would be a doctor |
if-qismda will ishlatilmaydi! (If it will rain ) Boshqa bog'lovchilar: unless (=if not), as long as, provided that, in case, even if.
7. Passiv (be + V3) — barcha zamonlar
| Zamon | Aktiv | Passiv |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | makes | is made |
| Present Continuous | is making | is being made |
| Present Perfect | has made | has been made |
| Past Simple | made | was made |
| Past Continuous | was making | was being made |
| Past Perfect | had made | had been made |
| Future Simple | will make | will be made |
| Modal | must make | must be made |
Passiv = be (mos zamonda) + V3. Bajaruvchi muhim bo'lmasa: by-siz.
Grammatik jadvallar (2) tugadi (~150 birlik). Keyingi: So'z yasash (prefiks/suffiks) + imlo/talaffuz qoidalari + sonlar + kalendar.
Manba
Murphy "English Grammar in Use"; Cambridge Grammar; Swan "Practical English Usage".
Ulashish:Telegram'da
Izohlar (0)
Izoh yozish uchun kiring.
- Hozircha izoh yo'q. Birinchi bo'ling!